The Social Glue Through Organisational Culture Commerce Essay

The Social Glue Through Organisational Culture Commerce Essay Organizational Culture is defined as the social glue holding the company together. Social scientists call it culture or the underlying set of informal norms and values that govern employee behaviour. But regardless of the name, more and more evidence suggest that it is important, often critically so (Baker, 1980) pg51. Culture consists of three layers values, beliefs and taken for granted assumptions. Many authors still argue over the meaning of organizational culture, authors like (Sirmon Lane, Jul. 2004, p. 310) consider culture to be set beforehand and it dictates the attitudes and behaviours for the organizations members to exhibit, while some authors like Edward schein explain culture as a common insight held by the organizations members; a system of shared meaning and naturally if authors have different opinions on the definition then they will also argue whether culture can be managed, manipulated or cannot be consciously changed. This essay is targeted to understand culture and culture change better. Culture and Change Culture can be both weak and strong; It is usually decided by the top management and sets the tone of the entire organization. A weak culture can be of a young company or if the turnover of key personnel is high. (Baker, 1980, p. 51) . A strong culture can be seen in efficient organizations with positive employee behaviour, with minimal information transmitted in any transaction and the working pattern has a flow, a good culture can also be measured (Deal and Kennedy (1982: 15) cited by (Banish Nawaz, 2003). I feel culture can change the face of an organization, from world leaders to mere survivors. As stated by (Schein, Feburary 1983, p. 14) Culture serves the function of stabilizing the external and internal environment for an organization, it must be taught to new members. If its not carried forward, the new ideas from new members will produce a culture change. To consider a change in culture, if possible, its not as simple as it sounds. Louis V. Gerstner (2002) the CEO for IBM states in (Banish Nawaz, 2003, p. 22) you cant simply give a couple of speeches or write a credo for the company and declare that the new culture has taken hold; you have to create the conditions for transformation, provide incentives and define marketplace realities and goals. In the end management doesnt change culture; management invites the workforce itself to change the culture. The three subdivisions discussed in Managing Organizational Culture by (Ogbonna Harris, 1998) are: (i) Studies which argue that culture can be managed. (ii) Research which claims that culture may be manipulated. Â  (iii) Theory which argues that culture cannot be consciously changed (although natural change is argued to occur frequently). All three seem to be valid and vary from organization to organization. If an Organization has a stable environment then the present culture is perfect, but external conditions can bring the organization to its knees and force it to change its culture. McKinseys well known 7-s framework places culture (mentioned as shared values) into a happy atom mentioned by Peter and Waterman (1982) cited in (Banish Nawaz, 2003) pg 11, this model assumes that effectiveness of the culture of the organization: depends on 2 factors. 1st How strong the culture is, and 2nd how well culture is aligned with the other organs of the body (so called strategy-culture fit) Sub-division Present and Compare The 1st subdivision explains how theorists believe that culture is an organizational variable and can be managed. This article by (Harris Ogbonna, Vol. 27 No. 2,1998, p. 119)researched with retail organizations to understand culture better, the findings were Cultural deviation was considered unwelcome whereas cultural change was viewed as transformational rather than incremental. Managers viewed culture of the organization as a variable which could be managed, and these assumptions allowed the managers to relate organizational culture to organizational effectiveness. (Baker, 1980, p. 54) has provided some evidence that Culture can be managed, He starts the article by saying that manageable culture has a major contribution to a companys success for instance, International Business Machines (IBM) has been successful to actively cultivate and manage culture; he/she also states that the culture is largely responsible for its success for the past 30 years IBM real issue is discussed later in the essay, many other organizations tried to manage culture, (change strategy or business environment) and failed. Some culture clash problems range from diversification (ATT) to acquisition failures (Kennecott), but these are rarely fatal. The author belief in managing culture is supported by the statement that CEO and/or other top managers seem to recognize intuitively what culture they want and need; they create and maintain it by monitoring the existing culture and actively intervening where possible to reduce the gap between the desired and existing cultures. All this has been confirmed by (Schein, Feburary 1983) below, He states managing culture is possible when an understanding for dynamic evolutionary forces which govern how culture grows and changes is achieved. Author (Schein, Feburary 1983) cites (Van Maanen Schein, 1979) writing the passing on of the groups culture is strategically an important process to study If one wants to decipher what the culture is and how it might change He believes that Culture can be managed and as stated earlier, it should be taught to the new employees in order to avoid any cultural change. (Schein, Feburary 1983) states that managing culture till the end is not about controlling its members perceptions, thoughts and feelings but as the process of learning to manage the external and internal environment progresses the culture will get older which would influence our perceptions, thoughts, and feelings, but this all seemed valid until (Schumann Prestwood, 1994) below gave their argument. This article by (Schumann Prestwood, 1994, p. 1) is a brilliant piece of work supporting the argument that culture may be manipulated and explaining how its done . It states that an organizations culture is the ultimate governor of the amount and type of innovation that will take place. The organization therefore must have a way to link its culture to its market. Innovation and change go hand in hand. To compare managing culture and manipulating culture, author (Schumann Prestwood, 1994, p. 3) citing (T. J. Watson, Jr. observed in A Business and Its Beliefs) gives an idea for what happened to organizations that tried to manage culture stating, Out of the top 25 industrial corporations in the United States in 1900, only 2 remain in the selected company today, One retains its original identity; the other is a merger of seven corporations on that final list. Two of those 25 failed. Three others merged and dropped behind. The remaining 12 have continued in business, but each has fallen substantially in its standing. The challenge for organizations today is the transformation of its culture so that organization can endure and grow though current revolution. The author gives an extension of the IBM example above; stating IBM survived the past due to a very successful business model but as the environment shifted, it failed; now IBM is developing a new business model to survive with the top leaders, its fate is discusses later in this subdivision. The only way to change quickly an organization must meet the customer demands, stay technologically competent, effectively deal with competition and respond to the pressures of change both from within and without. This Figure 8 below from (Schumann Prestwood, 1994, p. 10) explains how the existence of a strong organizational culture ensures the resistance of the organization to change. The authors argument is completed with a point that culture must have built into a flexible methodology for change, comprising of components like: A clear and compelling vision, strategic planning for the operation, technology and people, integrative management approaches etc. For those cases where change was not anticipated, a strong but flexible culture will enable a rapid response. (Cameron Quinn, 1999, p. 6) Have also written an exceptional piece of work, their book gives a wide view of how the current literature claims an organization works and how it actually works. Author supports the view point culture can be manipulated. Since its long term, a strategy must be developed for changing it. The article claims that between managing and manipulating culture culture can be managed point of view always leads to the downfall of a company. Out of the largest 100 Companies in the 1900s only 16 are still in existence. Of the firms on Fortune Magazines first list of 500 biggest companies, only 29 firms would still be included. During the last decade, 46 percent of Fortune 500 dropped off the list. Author writes that A musical greeting card that plays Happy Birthday has more computer power than existed in the entire world before 1950. The average watch contains more computing power than existed in the entire world before 1960. Such rapid and dramatic change implies that no organization can remain the same for long and survive. Top companies on the Fortune Magazine failed due to slow, laggard or wrongheaded change efforts. The companies in 1991 spent more money on computing and communications gear than the combined monies spent on industrial, farm, construction equipment etc And in the 1960s, approximately half of the workers in industrialized countries were involved in making things, by the year 2000, it is estimated that no developed country will have more than one eighth of its workforce in the traditional roles of making and moving goods. (Cameron Quinn, 1999, p. 6) Culture looks like its thought of as how things are done around here sometimes it remains undetectable as employees dont realise this practise. The current challenge for an organization is not to determine whether or not to change, but how to change in order to increase organizational effectiveness. (Banish Nawaz, 2003, p. 19) have given further explanation on the IBM issue, during the Great Depression of the 1930s IBM survived the impact and grew as it received a steady income from the business machinery that was leased or rented, at the same time CEO Thomas J. Watson, Jr. (1990) started benefits and vacations for his employees that paid off in 1936 when they started supplying to the US government. IBM remained successful as employees didnt stay at the organization for employment but for security and way of life. IBM was successful in managing its culture until 1980s but a cultural change was desperately needed. In the 1980s IBM got a culture change. Louis V. Gerstner (2002) was appointed the new CEO in 1993 to manipulate change and he states (Banish Nawaz, 2003) Culture isnt just one aspect of the game it is the game Gerstners states Management doesnt change culture, management invites the workforce itself to change the culture. (Cummings Worley, 2009, p. 522) gives some example. Company with a difficult but successful culture change can be Alberto Culver (Manufacturing Skin and Hair Products) where process took 6 to 15 years, in some cases managing culture isnt the answer changing it is, for example the Disney case; when they tried to export the same culture to euro Disney, the European people preferred to drink wine with their meal and Disneys not serving alcohol policy resulted in low attendance for both labour and customers. Four seasons hotel and resort were on the same track but were successful as they just changed their norms, procedures and artefacts to fit with the French culture and keeping their core values same. Managing culture and manipulating culture (despite its drawbacks) are often the only 2 options considered in an organization even by many theorists. The third subdivision below isnt even mentioned as an option to consider. Finally the third sub-division that claims that culture cannot be consciously changed seems a little untrue but well supported, very little information is available for this subdivision According (Ogbonna Harris, 1998, p. 274) this subdivision argues that whilst the culture of organization can and does change, the direction, impact and sustainability of the change cannot be subject to the conscious action of management. (Senior Swailes, 2010) claims that this presents problems for change agents who will perhaps need some external and perhaps unpredictable forces to make it happen. Author (Meek, 1988) writes, what culture cannot be consciously changed actually means, he/she states that Social theorists use the term culture to embrace all that is human within the organization. They emphasize culture, either consciously or unconsciously, in such a way as to blur or hide problems and contradictions inherent in the social structure. Both culture and social structure are abstractions, not tangible entities. The author firmly sticks to the argument that culture cannot be consciously changed and writes that culture can be managed or changed views seem valid because many discipline copy concepts from another discipline which results in concepts becoming a stereotype. Author (Turner 1986) cited by (Meek, 1988) gives the idea that culture is the collectible consciousness of the organization, owned by the management and available to management for manipulation; this is also thought by many authors. Author (Meek, 1988) contradicts this stating that concepts have been copied (as stated above) and theories of organizational culture have their roots in structural-functionalism, but they have been mutated; in the process of application. Culture as a whole cannot be manipulated, turned on and off, although it needs to be recognized that some are in a better position than others to attempt to intentionally influence aspects of it (Meek, 1988). To compare this with the other 2 subdivisions, it seems a little true, but culture may be manipulated subdivision has provided some evidence of such effect. Conclusion To conclude organizations fate depends on the culture, weak or strong and all three subdivisions have been justified beautifully by various author. Managing culture seems genuine with many theorists providing theory on how to avoid any cultural change but 2nd subdivision as the name suggests Research which claims that culture may be manipulated has provided evidence of organizations on how manipulating culture is the only way to survive, the 3rd subdivision seems to be a third side to a two sided coin, where authors explain how various authors have copied and altered studies. All together this essay gives a great idea about culture and its change subdivisions. I personally feel that manipulating culture is the way to go, can managers change an organizations culture? Yes for instance the Euro Disney and Four seasons hotel case and also with the technological advancements and pressure of external factors, no organization can stay the same and survive. Overall this essay comprising of s mall parts has shown a big picture about cultural change.

Analysis Of Wood Waste At Attwood Bay Environmental Sciences Essay

After reexamining the ROV and SCUBA transect informations, it is clear that there have been important impacts to the Marine environment caused by the lacrimation of wood at Attwood Bay. This was evidenced by the comparative volumes and distributions of wood waste nowadays on the ocean floor during the 2006 and 2009 site studies. Datas collected from the 2006 ROV and 2009 SCUBA site studies indicated that the sum of wood waste accumulated at this site has increased since the initial site visit. A greater proportion of the substrate was seeable during the 2006 study as compared to the 2009 picture footage where much of the substrate was wholly covered with wood waste and accordingly its composing could non be determined. This site exhibited low species diverseness and copiousness, in 2006 and 2009 as compared with unimpacted sites. It is good documented that accretions of bark and other woody dust on the ocean floor negatively impacts benthal infaunal and epifaunal diverseness and copiousness ( Kirkpatrick et.al 1998, Pease, 1974, Conlan, K.E. and Ellis, D.V. , 1979. and Jackson, R.G. 1986 ) . Wood waste negatively impacts benthal communities as it is known to leach potentially toxic organic compounds into the H2O, has a high biological O demand and can surround benthal ( peculiarly infaunal ) communities ( Pe ase, 1974 ) . The exact nature and impacts of wood waste leachates is non to the full understood, nevertheless these lignin-based substances are known to precipitate out in sea H2O, and believed to settle on and negatively impact benthal home grounds ( Duval, 1980 ) . Areas of bark accretion have been found to hold a higher biological O demand than environing deposits whereby take downing the dissolved O content of the superimposed H2O ( Pease, 1974 and Picard, 2002 ) . Many benthal invertebrates ( peculiarly infaunal ) are unable to last in anoxic conditions and therefore are good indexs of alterations in benthal home ground conditions ( Pease, 1974 and Samis et.al. , 1999 ) . Additionally, wood waste that accumulates on the ocean floor clutters benthic infaunal marine life ( peculiarly pelecypods ) whereby cut downing the populations of quarry species available to larger benthal marauders such as pediculosis pubiss etc. ( Picard, 2003 ) . The deficiency of pelecypods and other seeable infaunal beings ( with the exclusion of tube-dwelling windflowers ) at this site is to be expected given the sum of wood waste screen. A uninterrupted bed of wood waste hinders the colony and enlisting of many benthal beings and can cut down critical shoal nearshore habitat utilised for rise uping juveniles. ( Samis et.al,1999 ) . Many of the species observed in the study pictures were known to be more resilient to wood dust, viz. sea Cucumis sativuss ( Parastichopus californicus ) , assorted sea stars ( viz. Pycnopodia helianthoides ) , brickle stars ( Ophiuoroidea ) and assorted fish species ( Kirkpatrick et.al. 1998 ) . These species are motile and are hence less easy smo thered by wood waste accretions and are by and large suspension feeders ( brickle stars ) or detritivores and hence do non trust on a healthy infaunal community for nutrient. It is believed that sea cucumbers ( Parastichopus californicus ) provender on the abundant bug populations populating the bed of wood waste, and Sun stars are general marauders known to feed on sea Cucumis sativuss ( University of Michigan Museum of Biology, 2009 ) . As good, the high frequence of ascertained elephantine swimming sea slug ( Dendronotus flag ) was sensible given that they feed on the tentacles of the tubing brooding windflower ( Pachycerianthus fimbriatus ) and layer their eggs on the tubing. Overall the species copiousness and diverseness at this site was significantly less than comparable home grounds non impacted by logging activities. Reduced available O, coupled with potentially toxic leachates and the surrounding consequence of thick dust screen explains why a decrease in species diversene ss and population complexness is observed in countries where water-based logging has occurred, including the Attwood Bay log shit site. Past site appraisals conducted for BCTS have shown that deep-water home grounds are by and large the most to a great extent impacted by accretions of bark and other woody dust. Attwood is no exclusion, despite the fact that the shit is comparatively shallow, the impacts of wood waste have still been found to increase with depth ( Figure 5 ) . Severe impacts were found throughout the site get downing between -4 to -6m deepness and go oning beyond the furthest extent of the SCUBA transects. Datas collected from the ROV study showed these impacts widening to ( and probably beyond ) -50m deepness. Based on these observations, and observations at similar log shit sites where impacts to habitat addition with deepness, it is expected that terrible impacts at this site besides continue into deeper H2O. Although unimpacted deep-water home grounds frequently exhibit lower species diverseness and copiousnesss than shallow-water home grounds due to cut down light incursion and primary productive ness ; the species copiousness in deeper countries at this site is still less than one would anticipate to happen in countries which have non been impacted by wood lacrimation activities. Wood waste is transported in the Marine environment by moving ridges, air current and currents and frequently deposited in deep H2O countries ( Kirkpatrick et.al. 1998 ) . Conveyance of woody dust to deeper countries expands the impact country from shallower to deeper H2O. This site is non known to see important current flow and hence reduced current and tidal flushing in deeper countries has resulted in the accretion of beds of wood waste making a smothering cover over the sea floor. The slow dislocation of this deposited wood waste is besides expected to hold increased anoxic conditions for benthal beings, cut downing species diverseness and copiousness. Picard et Al. identified that impacts of wood waste can last many decennaries and even centuries ( 2003 ) . The possible exists for the deep H2O home ground impacts observed in Attwood Bay to be long permanent as these terrible impacts were observed even in 2006 after 7 old ages of inaction at the site ( Price, 2007 ) . Pulling decisions on whether or non a site is showing marks of recovery is a cardinal outlook of the appraisal procedure. While this piece of information is built-in towards decision-making, & A ; acirc ; ˆ?recovery & A ; acirc ; ˆâ„ ¢ has yet to be defined due to the limited sum of scientific information available. At present, the criterion technique for log shit appraisals incorporates merely the aggregation of macro-epifaunal information ( i.e. SCUBA and ROV picture footage and still snap ) . While this information has the ability to talk to the more obvious alterations in home ground and recovery, in the absence of more infaunal sampling ( i.e. testing sediment nucleuss for the presence of juvenile pelecypods, polychetes, and other index species ) , decisions drawn on the true province of recovery are limited. Get downing to concentrate more attempt on measuring the infaunal community at a historical log shit site may work to better our apprehension of recovery and fin ally consequence in better direction procedures.

The Hidden Truth About Photo Essay Topics in a List

The Hidden Truth About Photo Essay Topics in a List Moral argumentative essay topics are a few of the simplest to get carried away with. If you believe a photo essay is something that you may want to try, here are a couple of ideas to hopefully get you going. A photo essay isn't anything more than a set of pictures that tell a comprehensive story with a minimal use of words. Every photo essay seeks to make an emotional answer, but that emotion is your decision. 1 photo essay idea I have always wished to try is to photograph one landmark from a number of different vantage points. You can make your own detective story in pictures if you've got a couple friends who'd love to act a bit. There is ALWAYS something to photograph you simply have to find creative. Among the most well-known ones, there's a photograph in social networking, the history of photography, social effects of photography compare and contrast of various facets and nuances joined to the art of photography, etc .. The Honest to Goodness Truth on Photo Essay Topics in a List What an ideal scenario would look like is capturing the men and women in their very own space. All you will need is a little photographic technique, some creativity, and lots of heart. There are a couple of strategies to answer this. Therefore, to compose a great essay you've got to brainstorm all thoughts concerning your life experiences. The New Fuss About Photo Essay Topics in a List Our term paper writing service enables customers to select the writer they need to work with based on their abilities and assignment requirements. It's very simple to establish, use and manage, which means that your business can concentrate on what really matters. Even if it's only a personal passion undertaking. When students consider getting academic writing assistance from a writing service, it's understandable there could possibly be concerns about plagiarism. Year round school isn't a good idea. At times it's just not feasible. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Below you'll discover some of the most eye-catching photographs we ran on the website in the previous calendar year. Just gathering all photos you have made is inadequate. It's a remarkable time for photography. The single images comprise the whole. As an example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. Using NFL jerseys is extremely common. With personalized jerseys of the NFL, you're sure that you've got the ideal design. Locating a cheap NFL jersey has been a daunting undertaking for a lot of the hardcore fans in spite of the team they support for. Out of the many kinds of essays, photo essays are the absolute most illustrious. Photo essay topic can be selected from a broad spectrum of alternatives. Perhaps, you've already learnt that photo essays may include things like pictures only, together with pictures with commentaries. Shot pl anning Before selecting from the a variety of photo essay topics you must plan the shots that are required to be taken for the essay. The Downside Risk of Photo Essay Topics in a List Within this freelance world we reside in, I adore just a little guidance, a tiny direction. Another aim of the analytical essay is to assess thinking and that which you would do in various circumstances. For instance, if your story concerns nature and philosophy, you want to create some intriguing commentaries. It is a superb social commentary on the condition of our world. Vital Pieces of Photo Essay Topics in a List A little country town is going to have a really different subject than a huge city. There are likely to be many jobs and careers which people do you have zero idea about. All these individuals don't have anything to do for the most part. Even if they were not involved as subjects, you tend to have personal feelings toward images that the general public may not see the power behi nd. The Debate Over Photo Essay Topics in a List Severe acne can cause a formation of large pimples that go deep within the epidermis. Just google this keyword and you will receive hundreds of results. A shadow box is an excellent method to display larger dog-related items that won't match in a normal frame. Experienced term paper writers are affordable and they are able to help you acquire the information which you require for your topic. Quite frequently, the very best topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. This list of topics may offer a concept you may get excited about. To choose which subject you're likely to discuss, it's crucial to see the complete collection of good persuasive speech topics from the specific area of study. The Photo Essay Topics in a List Game You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the recent laws about yo ur favorite topic actually say. Another good idea is to receive some absolutely free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a prosperous debatable paper looks. Be conscious of the size it must be and get started writing the narrative essay outline. It's important to select debatable argumentative essay topics as you need opposing points which you can counter to your own points.

Civil Disobedience and Law - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1274 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/05 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Civil Disobedience Essay Did you like this example? Civil disobedience is refusing to agree or cooperate with the laws that were given. Civil disobedience has been shown throughout history in America through overt and covert resistance Civil Disobedience is to refuse to follow the law, to go against the law peacefully. Henry David Thoreau argues that citizens must disobey the rule of law if those laws prove to be unjust. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Civil Disobedience and Law" essay for you Create order Martin Luther King Jr. argues that he and his fellow demonstrations have a duty to fight for justice in a nonviolent way. Gandhi led Indians to independence with his non-violent movements. Disobedience, the rarest and most courageous of the virtues (~George Bernard Shaw, Maxims for Revolutionists). In my opinion, I think people should be able to protest to a certain extent, as long as it is non-violent. If the world disobeyed all civil laws the world would be a chaotic mess. Henry disagreed with the government due to the injustice of individual rights. According to Henry David Thoreau, Individuals are the ultimate source of any governments power. For a practice or law to be just, it must be moral or a natural law to be unjust it must be out of place or does not go together well with the just laws. The right way to resist injustice would be if a law is unjust then break it, or go against the laws.If the machine of government is of such a nature that it requires you to be the agent of injustice to another, then, I say, break the law. (Henry David Thoreau, On the Duty of Civil Disobedience, 1849) Yes because Henry states that any mans duty to devote themselves to go against laws, to go against it and do not support it. Unjust laws exist; shall we be content to obey them, or shall we endeavor to amend them, and obey them until we have succeeded, or shall we transgress them at once? (Henry David Thoreau) Thoreau believed if you disobey the laws then eventually the problem would come to a resolved point but if you dont go against them then they would never be resolved. Long-term effects of Civil Disobedience on society could potentially turn bad if misused only because if one group of people want to get above others and go against the government to get what they want then bad things could happen and it could become more violent than intended.Martin Luther King Jr. believed people should make peaceful and non-violent acts against unjust laws. Martin Luther King Jr. also believed that the ultimate source of any governments power is the individuals because if the individuals did something then the government may respond to them. He believed that just laws are laws that he would follow. The unjust laws to him were basically no laws at all. One has not only a legal but a moral responsibility to obey just laws. Conversely, one has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. (Martin Luther King Jr.) To him, any non-violent or non-harming way to protest is a way to resist injustice. Yes, Martin Luther King Jr. believes this because he put his life in jail to go against the law so did many other of his followers to fight for civil rights. If a law is unjust he believes you should go against it to prove a point that it is not right, fair, or equal. Ordinarily, a person leaving a courtroom with a conviction behind him would wear a somber face. But I left with a smile. I knew that I was a convicted criminal, but I was proud of my crime. (Martin Luther King Jr.) Martin Luther King Jr. was wanting equality between the colored and the whites and the government would not let them be equal so going against the law shows them that its not right and that they cant make them follow the laws. Some effects could be disobedience comes disrespect, If all these colored people protest and go against the law then many of the whites would avoid and treat the colored people less than others. As this did happen in schools, buses and any place you went. But these were all short-term effects and ended after the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964Gandhis non-violent resistance led Indians to independence with his different ways of disobeying the civil law. One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. (Mahatma Gandhi) Gandhi, as well as Henry Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. all, believe that the Individuals are the ultimate source of any governments power. Gandhi believed that the just laws were the laws that were the ones that made it equal to others and made the most sense. He also believed that the unjust laws were the laws that were not good and not meant to be in place, he disobeyed these laws and got put in jail for not following them. He disagrees with the government and believes it should be right to go against them. One has a moral responsibility to disobey unjust laws. (Mahatma Gandhi) Gandhi believed that resisting injustice laws with nonviolent ways, it is the most appropriate way to go. As Gandhi did have Resistance Campaign. (Gandhi and the Passive Resistance Campaign 1907-1914. South African History Online, SAHO, 30 July 2013, www.sahistory.org.za/article/gandhi-and-passive-resistance-campaign-1907-1914.) Gandhi does know that someone must be willing to accept any consequences because his followers know that he is a good leader and he is protesting and getting thrown in jail then they would be able to do it as well. The Indians followed Gandhi, and the result of this was freedom and independence all with protests and speeches against the government. These speeches did work and they finally had independence. The long-term effects on Indias society led to the Indians having independence all due to disobeying the civil and unjust laws. From then to now India has had independence.The first revolution I chose is the Russian Revolution. The Russian Revolution took place in Russia, between March 8, 1917, to November 7, 1917. The Revolution was between Russia and was led by Vladimir Lenin and involved the collapse of an Empire by Tsar Nicolas II. During this time the working class people went against the government of Tsar Nicolas II. The point of this revolution was to replace Russians monarchy with a new communist state. (SparkNotes Editors. SparkNote on The Russian Revolution (1917â€Å"1918). SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2005. Web. 4 Dec. 2018.) A Major leading effect that happened on January 22, 1905, large numbers of workers traveled to the Tsars palace in order to present a petition for better working conditions. They were fi red against by soldiers and many of them were killed or injured. Today we call this the Bloody Sunday. The first Russian Revolution was March 8, 1917, the revolution began when many workers decided to strike. Most of these workers got together during the strike to talk about politics. Later they began to riot. Tsar Nicholas II ordered the army to contain the riot. However, many of the soldiers refused to fire on the Russian people and the army began to revolt against the Tsar government. The next revolution was the Bolshevik Revolution, One of the main group of the Soviet was a group called the Bolsheviks. They were led by Vladimir Lenin and believed that the new Russian government should be a Communist government. In October of 1917, Lenin then took full control of the government. Russia was now the first communist country in the world. The leaders of the Bolsheviks were Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, and Leon Trotsky. A revolution is impossible without a revolutionary situation; furthermore, not every revolutionary situation leads to revolution. (Vladimir Lenin)